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Decision-making software
Decision-making software (DMS) is used to help individuals and organizations with their decision-making processes, typically resulting in ranking, sorting or choosing from among alternatives.
An early example of DMS was described in 1973.〔Dyer, JS (1973), "A time-sharing computer program for the solution of the multiple criteria problem", ''Management Science'', 19: 1379-83.〕〔Wallenius, J, Dyer, JS, Fishburn, PC, Steuer, RE, Zionts, S and Deb, K (1992), "Multiple criteria decision making, multiattribute utility theory: The next ten years", ''Management Science'', 38: 645-54.〕 Prior to the advent of the World Wide Web, most DMS was spreadsheet-based,〔 with the first web-based DMS appearing in the mid-1990s.〔Koksalan, M, Wallenius, J, and Zionts, S, ''Multiple Criteria Decision Making: From Early History to the 21st Century'', World Scientific Publishing: Singapore, 2011.〕 Nowadays, at least 20 DMS products (mostly web-based) are available.〔Weistroffer, HR, Smith, CH, and Narula, SC, "Multiple criteria decision support software", Ch 24 in: Figueira, J, Greco, S and Ehrgott, M, eds, ''Multiple Criteria Decision Analysis: State of the Art Surveys Series'', Springer: New York, 2005.〕〔McGinley, P (2014), ("Decision analysis software survey" ), ''OR/MS Today'' 41(5).〕
Though DMS exists for the various stages of structuring and solving decision problems – from brain-storming problems to representing decision-maker preferences and reaching decisions – most DMS focuses on choosing from among a group of alternatives characterized on multiple criteria or attributes.〔
==Purpose==
DMS is a tool that is intended to support the analysis involved in decision-making processes, not to replace it.〔 "DMS should be used to support the process, not as the driving or dominating force."〔Belton, V, and Stewart, TJ, ''Multiple Criteria Decision Analysis: An Integrated Approach'', Kluwer: Boston, 2002.〕 DMS frees users "from the technical implementation details (the decision-making method employed – discussed in the next section ), allowing them to focus on the fundamental value judgements".〔 Nonetheless, DMS should not be employed blindly. "Before using a software, it is necessary to have a sound knowledge of the adopted methodology and of the decision problem at hand."〔Figueira, J, Greco, S and Ehrgott, M, "Introduction", Ch 1 in: Figueira, J, Greco, S and Ehrgott, M, eds, ''Multiple Criteria Decision Analysis: State of the Art Surveys Series'', Springer: New York, 2005.〕
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